Unix Command Line Interface
To get around Unix / Linux file system we use the following commands.
But first look at the following Linux file structure,
most files in Linux are stored in directory hierarchy shown here,
root /
|
----------------------------------------------------------
home usr etc bin var
| | | |
Pi bin X11 log
for example we have command line,
pi@raspberrypi ~ $
home directory is
/home/pi
to find home directory use whoami
to find present working directory use pwd
to get back to home folder use teldar key cd ~
to change directory use cd / (forward slash) to goto root directory
to change to etc use cd /etc
etc store many of the system configuration files
to see the contents of etc use " ls " list command
list command has certain options
ls -a list all system files including the hidden files
ls -l will list all files length wise in a directory
ls -p will show a slash after directory so we can easily distinguish a file
from a directory
ls --color will show the types of files via color
to combine more than one option we can use " ls -lap" option this will
combine all the previous option in one command
to take us back one directory use command " cd . . "
to take us back two directories use command " cd .. / .. "
single dot represent one current directory " cd . "
to list the root directory component use
to root then type ls list command
/bin
this root folder is for commands and binaries
/sbin
sbin is for systems and admin commands
/usr
has usr related stuff it also has its own usr/bin and usr/sbin folder
/var
/var stands for variable it also has var/log folder
/home
is user directory
/mnt
this is for mount this for mounting any external drive we can even mount
folders
/dev
device interfaces for any hardware
/lib
this for programs and libraries
To make a directory
===============
use mkdir dir1
To remove a directory
=================
use rmdir dir1
this will throw an error if their is some file in the directory
but if you know what you are doing then you can do the following,
to create file in the directory use touch command
touch test
to remove and directory that contains file contents use
rmdir -rf dir1
r and f options
r stands for do the removing recursively drilling down the sub files you want to remove
f stands for force this to happen
Moving and copying files and directories
===============================
Use the cp command to copy
create a file
touch filename1
then use cp to copy one file to second file
cp filename1 filename2
To move a file from one file location to other use
mv filename1 filename2
to copy host files in etc to home/pi use
cp /etc/hosts /home/pi
to rename it use
cp /etc/hosts /home/pi/localhost
cp will work but mv will not work because user pi doesn't have permission
to modify files in etc directory
cp -R dir1 dir2
this will copy everything in this folder and beneath it
If you want to find out man command
man mv
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